Code of Ethics Comparison Essay

Contrasts and similitudes were portrayed in the Code of Ethics of the American Counseling Association and the American Association of Christian Counselors. The two codes are tantamount from numerous points of view. The American Association of Christian Counselors center around the Christian angle and the American Counseling Association depends on world perspectives. Understand that advocates ought not force their own qualities on customers, anyway religion principally comprise of convictions that people adjust and practice. All instructors ought to stay unobtrusive when offering types of assistance customers and permit them to settle on the choice on the off chance that they decide to receive a specific worth or strict conviction to assist them with adapting to life. The general similitudes of the ethic codes American Counseling Association and American Association of Christian Counselors comprises of giving assistance to customers who are in an emergency circumstance. As per the content, The ACA and AACC codes both support customer development and improvement which cultivates sound connections. The two of them try to maintain a strategic distance from damage and individual qualities while helping customers. The two of them advise customers regarding educated assent and ensure customers to procure their trust with the goal that they can make a continuous organization, by looking after secrecy. The two of them think that its imperative to keep up trust in attention to affectability with respect to social assorted variety. Both ACA and AACC regard the privileges of protection of their customers (Corey, G, Corey M and Callanan, 2011, pg. 94). I feel it is fundamental for all instructors to comprehend a client’s social foundation, strict conviction and qualities to successfully give fitting consideration when deciding. This data will permit advisors to settle on better educated choices and manufacture a more grounded organization. As per the content, both ACA and AACC keep up records to guarantee customers are furnished with the best help which permits the instructor to keep up a progression record for future meetings (Corey, G, Corey M and Callanan, 2011, pg. 173). The distinctions in the two morals codes comprise of the accompanying: According to the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) strategic to carry respect to Jesus Christ and his congregation, advance greatness in Christian guiding, and carry solidarity to Christian advocates. A progressively nitty gritty and conduct explicit moral code is required for Christian instructors just in light of inept administrations among Christian advocates, unprotected legitimate status, and the essentialness and developing development of Christian directing. This code shows four floods of impact which incorporate the holy book; gauges of Christian advising and the built up emotional well-being disciplines; Christian and psychological wellness callings; current and creating principles got from psychological well-being and service related law. As indicated by the content, Christian advisors ought to keep up the best expectations of ability with respectability. Christian instructors are seen honest, taught, and experienced. Christian guides don't affront other expert advocates, emotional wellness experts (Clinton and Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). Contrasting and balance obligations with customer and to the Profession According to the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian guides will secure customers and do no damage which is the primary standard of expert pastoral moral direct. Christian instructors will communicate a caring consideration to any customer, administration asking individual, or anybody experienced over the span of training or service, regardless of race, ethnicity, sex sexual conduct or direction, financial status, instruction, category, conviction framework, values or political alliance. Christian instructors recognize that customer clashes are unavoidable. Christian guides make appropriate move against the destructive conduct of different instructors and ministers. Customers will be ensured against mischief and peril any place it is found. Christian advisors will not support or backer for fetus removal and the premature birth related exercises of customers. All guides will consider and educate customers regarding elective intends to fetus removal and to the extent it is conceivable, will keep on serving customers and work mercifully with them through the premature birth emergency. As indicated by the American Association of Christian Counselors, Compared to different experts, Christian instructors will not support or promoter for the quest for or dynamic contribution in gay, transgendered, and cross-dressing conduct, and in the appropriation gay and lesbian and transgendered ways of life by customers. Christian instructors won't advocate for or bolster customers who wish to bite the dust because of clinical reasons, or bolster the utilization of medications to be used to end an actual existence. The demise of a patient may happen be that as it may, starting activity to end a critically ill patient’s torment is dishonest. As per the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian instructors don't give guiding to close family or companions because of the irreconcilable situation. They assume that double relations with other relatives, colleagues, and friendly, club, affiliation, or gathering individuals are conceivably inconvenient and best maintained a strategic distance from. As a rule, loved ones may get irritated when offering proficient help. Christian advocates alongside different advisors will make sure about customer assent for all guiding and related administrations. This may incorporate video/sound taping of customer meetings, the utilization of administrative and consultative assistance, the use of unique techniques and assessments, and the correspondence of customer information. As indicated by the content, Christian guides may allude customers who are past their capacity or extent of training or when interview is wrong, inaccessible, or fruitless. Referrals ought to be facilitated after the customer is given educated decisions regarding referrals (Clinton and Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 264). As indicated by the American Association of Christian Counselors, Christian guides are supported, past their expense plan, to make a part of their time and administrations accessible without cost or at incredibly decreased charge to the individuals who can't pay. Then again, instructors may not offer types of assistance to customers without some type of installment. In many cases, Christian advocates appreciate what they do and may stay away from money related practices that could bring about avarice. Christian instructors feel negative toward high charges and delayed treatment for money related additions. As per the content, Christian guides don't retain administrations to anybody of an alternate confidence, religion, category, or worth framework. It is fundamental for Christian instructors as ell as different guides to comprehend the client’s conviction framework and social foundation so as to give the most ideal consideration (Clinton and Ohlschlager, 2012, pg. 273). Christian instructors ought not force their own qualities anyway support the client’s values in an expert way. Understand that Christian instructors don't relinquish customers. Administrations ought to never suddenly end without adequate notification and legitimate notice for end or referral.

Joseph Stalin Essay -- Stalin’s Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin was the pioneer of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953, when he kicked the bucket. He was answerable for one of the most remarkable and wrecking slaughters, the Great Purge. His horrendous rule ended the lives of around 20-60 million individuals by his inflexible and merciless treatment. Through his misuse of the lower class and his manipulative maltreatment of intensity, Stalin made one of the most noticeably terrible instances of administration ever. It takes an intriguing character to have the option to execute the savageries showed in his system and the attributes that Stalin formed into his religion of character were likely gained as a youngster and juvenile. This paper will talk about how Stalin’s foundation helped manufacture the characteristics of a heartless pioneer and how he showed them at the hour of his capacity. His decimation of the citizens’ rights and his inability to keep up his duties as ruler will likewise be reflected upon all through this composition. Stalin’s Childhood and Background Stalin was conceived December 18, 1878 in Gori Georgia. His mom was named Ketevan Geladze. His natural dad isn't precisely referred to, despite the fact that, there are numerous speculations with regards to whom his fatherly dad is. It could’ve been that Stalin is the relative of a Gregorian ruler or tally. Another hypothesis is that Stalin is the child of General Nikolai Przhevalsky who was one of the extraordinary logical pioneers of the nineteenth century. Stalin could have been the child of a Jewish wine trader named Yaakov Egnatashvili. His mom did clothing in his family. This is one of the most probable hypotheses because of the way that he paid for Stalin’s theological school instruction and Stalin named his first child Yaakov in Egnatashvili’s respect. Stalin additionally could have been the child of a minister. It is even conceivable that his dad... ...ctment of the call among Stalin and Krupskaya. Matthews, John R., 1937 †The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union/by John R. Matthews. P. cm.- (World History Series) This examined the historical backdrop of the Soviet Union, from the Revolution of 1917 through the Lenin and Stalin periods. Joseph Stalin. Joseph Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2014 This web source point by point on Stalins ‘cult of personality’ and gave more contribution on his mutilation of the media picture. The Art of Conservatism. : Marxism According to Stalin. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014 Indicated how Stalin controlled Marxism and uncovered his understanding of Marxist philosophies when contrasted with real Marxist convictions. Marxism. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Reference book Britannica, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. Given a meaning of Marxism and a concise history of how it was adjusted in Stalinist Russia.

Easy to Use Mind Map Templates for Teachers and Students

Easy to Use Mind Map Templates for Teachers and Students Whether it be studying for an upcoming exam or prepping a course curriculum for next semester’s wave of enthusiastic students â€" a mind map might just be the secret weapon you’re looking for. Not sure where to start? Here are two mind maps created using MindMeister templates to help you along: Use a Mind Map to Create The Perfect Lesson Plan A lesson plan, like a business plan, forces you to sit down and think about what your ultimate goal is. Then translate that into a clear, structured, and practical plan. Using a mind map to create your lesson plan will simplify the process, why? Because it’s easy!   It’s also fun â€" mind mapping mimics the way your mind processes information. It’s inherently creative and encourages out-of-the-box thinking. So, something that could otherwise be quite tedious and administrative in nature turns into something that’s creative, intuitive and comes naturally. Replace your linear hand-written notes or typed up table with a mind map and allow your creative juices to flow! Creating your mind map using MindMeister has tons of advantages, such as: It gives you an overview   You can store all your resources (pictures, videos, worksheets, documents, links) in one centralized place It’s online, that means it can be expanded on and edited as need be. You can also share your mind map with your colleagues and enable them to collaborate on it with you. They can use it to give you feedback, add their own ideas, or get inspiration for their own lesson plans. Start at the Top and Work Your Way Around Clockwise The lesson plan template can be found in the new and improved MindMeister templates library, accessible directly from your MindMeister dashboard.   Don’t use MindMeister yet? Create your free account now and join thousands of other teachers around the world who use mind maps to empower learners, improve comprehension and more! First off, give your lesson a title and a duration â€" we’ve added in a section for that in the form of a floating topic. Add the goals or rather learnings that you’d like your students to achieve to the objectives section. It’s important to be as detailed and precise as possible. Make sure that your objectives are measurable as Tracy Smith aptly points out on the Arizona State University blog: “Effective learning objectives use action verbs to describe what you want your students to be able to do by the end of the course or unit. Aligning assessments with course expectations is much easier when you have written measurable objectives from the beginning.” Action verbs include words such as “understand”, “describe”, “analyse”, and “critically evaluate”. Including these in your objectives will give you the framework required to assess your students.   Resources Required resources is pretty self-explanatory. This is where you can add in the course materials that your students need for that particular lesson â€" it could be a chapter from the course textbook or it could be a case study that your students need to work through. Time to Teach   Use Introduction/Set to map out how you want to begin your lesson. Introduce new material with a little game or quiz, or better yet, go with an open-ended question that will get your students thinking. You could also include a quick recap of last week’s course material (if it’s related). Once that’s filled out, move onto the next section, direct instruction. Use the direct instruction topic to outline how you plan to deliver your lesson. Will it be through a presentation? Through a video? Note it all down here.   Guided Practice Gauge how much of the material your class understood by making them apply their conceptual knowledge through guided practice. “In the Guided Practice section of your written lesson plan, you will outline how your students will demonstrate that they have grasped the skills, concepts, and modeling that you presented to them in the Direct Instruction portion of the lesson. This is where you let them work independently while they are still in the classroom, providing a supportive learning environment where you can empower them to work on their own, but still offer support.” â€" Beth Lewis An example of guided practice would be dividing your class up into groups, and asking them to come up with a few concrete examples of how the content of the lesson could be applied in real life. This could be followed by mini-presentations where students share their findings with the class. Even though educators are often faced with time constraints, there are so many advantages to setting aside time for guided practice, as Meredith Tumilty from The Teaching Toolbox states: “In terms of benefits, guided instructional practices are very student-centered and foster an active learning environment. Often times, guided instruction strategies are grounded in learning experiences that are authentic and have real-world applications. This, in turn, facilitates higher-order thinking skills is engaging for students. They often have a social component, which allows students opportunities to engage with their classmates, exchange ideas, and learn how to work together towards a common goal. Another advantage of guided instruction is that it gives students ownership over their education.” Independent Practice Next up is independent practice, the part of the lesson where students take what you’ve taught them and use that newly acquired knowledge to complete a task on their own. It’s also known as the “homework” part of the lesson. The important thing to remember here, is that students need to be able to realistically complete the assignment with minimal help or mistakes after the lesson. Evaluation and Analysis But the lesson doesn’t end after your students complete their homework assignments. Assess the success of your lesson in the evaluation section.This could take the form of an essay or a written test or a term project. If you assigned an essay to your students as homework, use the evaluation section to note down their results. And finally, it’s important to see whether you’ve achieved your learning objectives or not. Assess the outcome of your lesson through the analysis of essay grades, homework assignments, and/or test scores. Have all your students passed? Have they all grasped the concepts you taught? Understanding and, more importantly, measuring your success is essential. It’s a way for you to get a better understanding of the level your students are at. Use the analysis section in your mind map to outline your next steps. Does it involve delving deeper into a topic? Do parts of the lesson need to be repeated? Does it involve additional homework assignments? Use a mind map to plan a lesson that will leave your students more engaged, focused and intrigued.   Need examples of how to use mind maps for business? Check out this blog post. Use a Mind Map to Ace Your Exam Exam time is notoriously stressful. It can be a great source of anxiety and panic for most. Especially if you’re not (or feel that you’re not) adequately prepared.   Ever strived to be the perfect student? The type of student who studied throughout the year with perfectly organized and summarized notes. You know, the type of student who was always calm ahead of exams because all that needed to be done was revision.   Unfortunately, given the jam-packed schedule that most students juggle, being completely organized isn’t always possible. What’s more, creating a concrete study plan out of a year’s worth of class notes can 1.) be overwhelming and 2.) end up taking A LOT of time. Time that could rather be used forwellstudying.   But there’s no need to dedicate any more time than absolutely necessary to creating your study plan. We’ve created a mind map template solely for that purpose.   Your browser is not able to display frames. Please visit Exam Preparation on MindMeister. Exam Preparation by Susan Kachele Let’s break it down: Instantly relieve yourself of exam anxiety by assembling all the important information relating to your upcoming exam in one place, because the more you know, the more you can prepare. The central topic is called “Exam Preparation”, but you can rename this to the name of the exam you’re prepping for. The four child topics have been organized in such a way that you get an overview of the most important aspects that you’ll need to think about in order to prepare for your exam. But remember, it’s only a template, so feel free to add or remove topics and customize it to suit your needs. Starting at the top, the topics are: General: Add in all the particulars of your exam such as; date, type (e.g. oral or written), number of questions, and grading. Once you’ve filled-out each section, take it a step further and add a link or links to your previous exam results. Use a connecting arrow to show the connection to the resources section. Weeks until exam   is where the magic happens. Your personal countdown aka action plan. Separate the weeks by the study material you’d like to cover. This could be by lectures or by textbook chapters for example. Don’t forget to schedule in time for revision and to keep track of your progress by marking your completion status. Easy peasy. Resources is where you’d link to your research, summaries, completed assignments, past exam papers, lecture notes and other mind maps that you’ve created. Turn your mind map into your own personal hub of information. And finally, make use of the notes section to add any additional tit-bits of information. An example could be the one-on-one appointment that you’ve just scheduled with your professor where you’d dry-run your oral exam, or the case studies that are important to study for the essay section in your exam. The sky’s the limit. Using a mind map to prepare for your exam will help you: Keep track of all the things you need to do in order to pass, Mark off what’s been completed (with progress icons) so that you know what still needs to be studied, Store and manage all your resources in one centralized place, Expand on, update and make changes in real-time, And finally, maintain an overview of everything relating to your exam So what are you waiting for?Get MindMeister Today!

Dickens Childhood in A Christmas Carol - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1341 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Christmas Carol Essay Did you like this example? One of the most successful writers in Victorian era who is well known for his timeless holiday novel, A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens childhood influences the central themes of his novels because growing up Dickens had to learn how to fend for himself and his struggles shadowed what his novels were about. A Christmas Carol, one of Charles Dickens all time classic, tells a tale of an old man named, Ebenezer Scrooge who doesnt believe in the jolly spirits of Christmas because his greed for money weathers his soul. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dickens Childhood in A Christmas Carol" essay for you Create order Jacob Marley is Ebenezer Scrooges deceased business partner that was just as selfish and greedy as Scrooge. He comes back as a ghost on the nights before Christmas to warn Scrooge that he will be visited by three different ghosts on three different nights to convince him to become someone a selfless person, and if he does not change his ways then he will suffer the fate of being chained up and wandering the earth as punishment for his arrogant ways. If they would rather die, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. (Dickens, 9) Furthermore, there could be assumptions made between this story and the author because growing up the rich back in the day were selfish and never gave back to the economy. Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 and his family was considered in the lower class. By the time he was age 12, he was already out on his own looking for jobs that were hard labor with minimum pay. He would walk several miles to get to work and he would only be able to see his family during the weekends. This portion of his life helped shape the writer into what he is known for today. His fictional tales about corruption, neglection, and orphaned children is where he captures the attention of readers. All in all, the theme for this essay will be interpreting how the consequences of greed will get the better of Ebenezer Scrooge and how greed effects people present-day. In the beginning of the novel, it is Christmas Eve and Ebenezer Scrooge is at his house/business working. Scrooge is known as the nasty, mean, cheap old man in the town because he does not care for anyone else. This is shown when Scrooge refuses to add more coal into the fireplace to warm up the office where he clearly sees his only worker Bob Cratchit shivering while filing papers. Clearly Scrooge has no heart for other people because hed rather let them suffer and do his dirty work for him while he benefits from it. Then a young man comes in greeting Scrooge a Merry Christmas which ends up being Scrooges nephew, Fred Scrooge. Fred has come by to invite his uncle to a Christmas dinner. Bah! Humbug. Scrooge replies. (Dickens, 4) That implies that he was disgusted with the idea of Christmas cheer. After that event, hes approached by a group of gentlemen comes by his office and they ask Scrooge if he wants to donate money to charity to support the poor. Scrooge rudely tells these gentl emen that he would only give money to prisons and other businesses and basically says Christmas is just a time to slow down businesses. Scrooges greediness and personality tells the reader that even the thought of giving money to help others irks him and Christmas to him is just a wasted day to not make money. Today, times are not as hard as it was back in the 1800s but greed is still a social issue. For example, a lot of people have access to food stamps or health care from the government and instead of helping others that are more deserving they sell them over the internet to get financial gains. Greed is still an issue today because its easy to be greedy, taking advantage of certain situations and then not having to do anything in return can feel satisfying. Everyone once in their life has been greedy before, people either learn from it and realize what theyre doing is wrong or they will continue being a greedy person and turn them into a bad person, but in the end their actions will catch up to them. Furthermore, A Christmas Carol illustrates a solid example of what happens to Ebenezer Scrooge if he had not taken advice from the ghosts that had visited him all those nights. The first night hes visited by the Ghost of Christmas Past, the ghost takes Scrooge on a trip to when he was younger and each scene hes taken to shows when Scrooge was filled with love and joy. Hes even seen his younger sister Fan, whom is the mother of his nephew Fred. Overwhelmed by the experience of his past life Scrooge gets emotional and tells the ghost to take him back. Reflecting upon his past made it hard for Scrooge because he faintly realizes that his lust for money and fortune has made him forget about Belle, his ex-fiance who left him due to greed corrupting their love. The second night hes visited by the Ghost of Christmas Present, he takes Scrooge on different trips to show him all the lives of the people who are poor. The spirit and Scrooge stop by Bob Cratchits house where theyre preparing a Christmas dinner, everyone there looks poor and Scrooge is emotionally attached to Bobs crippled son, Tiny Tim. He asks the spirit if Tim is going to make it, the spirit shows him the Cratchits family next year at Christmas with an empty seat. They proceed to go on to other Christmas functions, even his nephew Freds, where Scrooge was entertaining himself. Are there no prisons? Are there no workhouses? (Dickens, 72). The ghost taunts Scrooge for saying this earlier to the groups of gentlemen whom were asking for donation, implying that the poor should be living in prisons because Scrooge wanted the poor to be nowhere near him. Overall, the Ghost of Christmas Present was to show how Scrooges greed effected the people in his town, he wanted Scrooge to feel empathetic for the people that must work for what they earn. Currently, even though there are no that law can necessarily protect people from greed. There are situations where the wealthy or businesses greed treat the poor unfairly. For instance, untrustworthy banks hand out their customers mortgages that they know they dont have enough money to pay for, to produce funds and foreclose their homes. Again, associating the wealthy as being greedy and selfish, the Victorian era and modern-day society might not be so different. On the other hand, not all wealthy people are greedy some of which donate to the community. They do this because theyve been through the struggles to get from rags to riches, they understand what its like to have to work hard and overcome obstacles, and by helping those in need it betters the community. Lastly, Scrooge is then visited by the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come (Future) and the ghost is dressed like a reaper. Charles Dickens illustrates the ghost like this, so he can represent death or fear. The ghost takes Scrooge on a trip to several places where each of the characters at the location are talking about how glad or relieved they are that this old man has died. They even stop by the Cratchits house where Tiny Tim was no longer with them. Scrooge asks the ghost who this old unforgiving man they were talking about was, and the reaper takes Scrooge to a graveyard where the head stone labeled: Ebenezer Scrooge. Shocked by this Scrooge begs for the ghost to take him back home and promises that he will admire Christmas and learn from all the mistakes hes made from all three ghosts. Mens courses will foreshadow certain ends, to which, if preserved in, they must lead, (Dickens, 90) Scrooge said this because he finally realized that his greedy choices will be the reason he will be suffering the same fate as Jacob Marley.

What Is Stockholder And Stakeholder - 1435 Words

Define stockholder and stakeholder. What is the difference between the two? Stakeholders: People or gatherings with an intrigue, claim, or stake in the organization. There are two sorts of stakeholders which we need to comprehend what they are. Internal stakeholders: Stockholders and representatives, including official officers, different chiefs, and board individuals. External stakeholders: Every single other individual and gatherings that have some claim on the organization. Stockholders get an arrival on venture from profit installments and capital gratefulness in the market estimation of a share. Here for this terms, stock holders are the ones who claims no less than one share of stock in an organization. Furthermore, there is another name for this stockholders, which is normally called as Shareholders. At the point when going to the principle contrast between these two holders, stake holder is the primary concern which has each one inside it. Like it can be said as all the stock holders are stake holders too yet not all partners are stock holders. Stakeholders incorporate Shareholders, Customers, and Debenture holders, Employees, Government, Suppliers and Creditors and so on. What s more, the stakeholders enforce on execution of the organization. While the stockholders or shareholders incorporates Equity shareholders and inclination shareholders. What s more, they concentrate on degree of profitability. 2. What process does a company go through to respond toShow MoreRelatedCorporate Management Theories1721 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex adaptive system comprised of definable subsystems, called stakeholders. A stakeholder is any individual or group of individuals that either benefits or suffers as a result of the actions of that corporation. Therefore, the modern corporation is essentially a set of contracts or agreements between various stakeholder groups. The corporate stakeholder groups, engaged in this bargaining process typically include: stockholders, employees, consumers, suppliers, financiers, and local communitiesRead MoreEssay about Lockheed Martin Stakeholder Analysis1328 Words   |  6 Pages| Stakeholder Analysis | Lockheed Martin | Matthew Vogt | | 4/27/2010 | The analysis of Lockheed Martin and it’s affect on stakeholders. Corporations have impacts on a variety of people ranging from shareholders, to governments, to ordinary citizens. This paper analyzes the impact Lockheed Martin has on all stakeholders, both positive and negative. | Matthew Vogt Business, Government and Society 26 April 2010 Lockheed Martin: Stakeholder Analysis What is a stakeholder? ARead MoreCapitalism And Managers Capitalism1598 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes. In order for the differentiation to be clear, we must understand what Bogle is saying in his descriptions of the two types of capitalism. First, owner’s capitalism says that the owner(s) of the company have one basic goal, and that is to make a profit, benefiting the owners in a way so to make a return on their investment into the company. So if the idea of capitalism is to make a profit for the company as a whole, then what is manager’s capitalism, and how did it originate? Bogle describes aRead MoreThe Leadership Of A Company1180 Words   |  5 PagesVarious stakeholder groups may possess the power to impact the success of a company. This is why it’s extremely important for business leaders to consider the company’s stakeholders during the decision making process, and to fully understand how a decision may impact the stakeholder’s value in the company. A stakeholde r’s value is defined differently amongst the various stakeholder groups, and will depend upon what they are willing to sacrifice in the pursuit of the value they seek. For example,Read MoreDifference Between Stockholder And Stakeholders1053 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 11 1. What is the difference between stockholder and stakeholders to a company A company’s stakeholders are individuals or groups with an interest, claim, or stake in the company, in what it does, and in how well it performs. They include stockholders, creditors, employee customers, the communities in which the company does business, and the general public. A company’s stockholders are usually put in a different class from other stakeholder groups, and for good reason. Stockholders are legalRead MoreThe Adelphia Scandal Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pageschapter 11 bankruptcy and as of April 24, 2004, the new board of directors made the decision to break up the company and sell it. The Adelphia scandal is morally wrong because the Rigas family coerced and exploited employees, harmed all stakeholders as well as stockholders, and had a negative impact on the cable industry as a whole. The word exploit means to use unfairly for ones own advantage (Mish 267). The Rigas family exploited and coerced employees by stealing $3.1 billion from the AdelphiaRead MoreStakeholder Theory : Managing A Firm Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagestwentieth century, different ideas became popular about how best to manage a firm. The first theory which emerged was Stockholder theory, which encouraged managers to act as agents for the company’s legal owners: it’s stockholders. This theory held that it was the function of a firm to act in the best interests of its owners by focusing on maximizing profits. Ensuring that the stockholders’ investments paid off was the fiduciary duty of the managers of this firm. However, some managers did not feel thisRead MoreWhat Are The Fundamental Types Of Decisions That Financial Managers Make And Identify Part Of The Balance Sheet?1187 Words   |  5 PagesFinancing†¨: Financing is the decision of how to pay for both short-te rm and long-term assets. That helps a determination how much for each term debt and equity the best would be. Long-term debt and Stockholders’ equity are regarded as the parts of Financing. †¨3)Working Capital†¨: Working Capital is considering what the best way would be in terms of a management for short-term resources and obligations. The concept of this decision focuses on if it is possible to maintain enough capital for payments of itsRead MoreStakeholder vs Stockholder Theory1138 Words   |  5 PagesLarry Chapman Business Ethics Exam Two The Stakeholder theory of a firm is made up into equal percentages on a pie chart, which is made up of Financials, Suppliers, Employees, Customers and Communities. The Stockholder theory of a firm is made up by a pyramid structure consisting of Labor, Management, CEO, Board and Stockholders. I believe the Stakeholder theory is less ethical than the stockholder theory in terms of Libertarianism and Egoism. Libertarianism view points are that there is noRead MoreSocial Performance1544 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment 1: Social Performance Describe your company and analyze the various primary and secondary stakeholder groups, their roles, and relationships. The company I decided to research is SunTrust Banks, Inc. SunTrust Bank, Inc operates more than 1,650 branches in about a dozen southeastern and Mid-Atlantic States. The bank offers retail and commercial services such as credit, deposit, and investment services. SunTrust also operates with subsidiaries that offer mortgage, wealth and

Vampire Academy Chapter 15 Free Essays

FIFTEEN MASON DELIVERED. He found me the next day before school. He was carrying a box of books. We will write a custom essay sample on Vampire Academy Chapter 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I got them,† he said. â€Å"Hurry and take them before you get in trouble for talking to me.† He handed them over, and I grunted. They were heavy. â€Å"Christian gave you these?† â€Å"Yeah. Managed to talk to him without anyone noticing. He’s got kind of an attitude, did you ever notice that?† â€Å"Yeah, I noticed.† I rewarded Mason with a smile that he ate up. â€Å"Thanks. This means a lot.† I hauled the loot up to my room, fully aware of how weird it was that someone who hated to study as much as I did was about to get buried in dusty crap from the fourteenth century. When I opened the first book, though, I saw that these must be reprints of reprints of reprints, probably because anything that old would have long since fallen apart. Sifting through the books, I discovered they fell into three categories: books written by people after St. Vladimir had died, books written by other people when he was still alive, and one diary of sorts written by him. What had Mason said about primary and secondary sources? Those last two groups were the ones I wanted. Whoever had reprinted these had reworded the books enough so that I didn’t have to read Ye Olde English or anything. Or rather, Russian, I supposed. St. Vladimir had lived in the old country. Today I healed the mother of Sava who has long since suffered from sharp pains within her stomach. Her malady is now gone, but God has not allowed me to do such a thing lightly. I am weak and dizzy, and the madness is trying to leak into my head. I thank God every day for shadow-kissed Anna, for without her, I would surely not be able to endure. Anna again. And â€Å"shadow-kissed.† He talked about her a lot, among other things. Most of the time he wrote long sermons, just like what I’d hear in church. Super boring. But other times, the book read just like a diary, recapping what he did each day. And if it really wasn’t just a load of crap, he healed all the time. Sick people. Injured people. Even plants. He brought dead crops back to life when people were starving. Sometimes he would make flowers bloom just for the hell of it. Reading on, I found out that it was a good thing old Vlad had Anna around, because he was pretty messed up. The more he used his powers, the more they started to get to him. He’d get irrationally angry and sad. He blamed it on demons and stupid stuff like that, but it was obvious he suffered from depression. Once, he admitted in his diary, he tried to kill himself. Anna stopped him. Later, browsing through the book written by the guy who knew Vladimir, I read: And many think it miraculous too, the power the blessed Vladimir shows over others. Moroi and dhampirs flock to him and listen to his words, happy just to be near him. Some say it is madness that touches him and not spirit, but most adore him and would do anything he asked. Such is the way God marks his favorites, and if such moments are followed by hallucinations and despair, it is a small sacrifice for the amount of good and leadership he can show among the people. It sounded a lot like what the priest had said, but I sensed more than just a â€Å"winning personality† People adored him, would do anything he asked. Yes, Vladimir had used compulsion on his followers, I was certain. A lot of Moroi had in those days, before it was banned, but they didn’t use it on Moroi or dhampirs. They couldn’t. Only Lissa could. I shut the book and leaned back against my bed. Vladimir healed plants and animals. He could use compulsion on a massive scale. And by all accounts, using those sorts of powers had made him crazy and depressed. Added into it all, making it that much weirder was that everyone kept describing his guardian as â€Å"shadow-kissed.† That expression had bugged me ever since I first heard it†¦ â€Å"You’re shadow-kissed! You have to take care of her!† Ms. Karp had shouted those words at me, her hands clenching my shirt and jerking me toward her. It had happened on a night two years ago when I’d been inside the main part of the upper school to return a book. It was nearly past curfew, and the halls were empty. I’d heard a loud commotion, and then Ms. Karp had come tearing around the corner, looking frantic and wild-eyed. She shoved me into a wall, still gripping me. â€Å"Do you understand?† I knew enough self-defense that I could have probably pushed her away, but my shock kept me frozen. â€Å"No.† â€Å"They’re coming for me. They’ll come for her.† â€Å"Who?† â€Å"Lissa. You have to protect her. The more she uses it, the worse it’ll get. Stop her, Rose. Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here.† â€Å"I†¦what do you mean? Get her out of†¦you mean the Academy?† â€Å"Yes! You have to leave. You’re bound. It’s up to you. Take her away from this place.† Her words were crazy. No one left the Academy. Yet as she held me there and stared into my eyes, I began to feel strange. A fuzzy feeling clouded my mind. What she said suddenly sounded very reasonable, like the most reasonable thing in the world. Yes. I needed to take Lissa away, take her – Feet pounded in the hallway, and a group of guardians rounded the corner. I didn’t recognize them; they weren’t from the school. They pried her off of me, restraining her wild thrashing. Someone asked me if I was okay, but I could only keep staring at Ms. Karp. â€Å"Don’t let her use the power!† she screamed. â€Å"Save her. Save her from herself!† The guardians had later explained to me that she wasn’t well and had been taken to a place where she could recover. She would be safe and cared for, they assured me. She would recover. Only she hadn’t. Back in the present, I stared at the books and tried to put it all together. Lissa. Ms. Karp. St. Vladimir. What was I supposed to do? Someone rapped at my door, and I jerked out of my memories. No one had visited me, not even staff, since my suspension. When I opened the door, I saw Mason in the hall. â€Å"Twice in one day?† I asked. â€Å"And how’d you even get up here?† He flashed his easy smile. â€Å"Someone put a lit match in one of the bathroom’s garbage cans. Damn shame. The staff’s kind of busy. Come on, I’m springing you.† I shook my head. Setting fires was apparently a new sign of affection. Christian had done it and now Mason. â€Å"Sorry, no saving me tonight. If I get caught – â€Å" â€Å"Lissa’s orders.† I shut up and let him smuggle me out of the building. He took me over to the Moroi dorm and miraculously got me in and up to her room unseen. I wondered if there was a distracting bathroom fire in this building too. Inside her room, I found a party in full swing. Lissa, Camille, Carly, Aaron, and a few other royals sat around laughing, listening to loud music, and passing around bottles of whiskey. No Mia, no Jesse. Natalie, I noticed a few moments later, sat apart from the group, clearly unsure how to act around all of them. Her awkwardness was totally obvious. Lissa stumbled to her feet, the fuzzy feelings in our bond indicating she’d been drinking for a while. â€Å"Rose!† She turned to Mason with a dazzling smile. â€Å"You delivered.† He swept her an over-the-top bow. â€Å"I’m at your command.† I hoped he’d done it for the thrill of it and not because of any compulsion. Lissa slung an arm around my waist and pulled me down with the others. â€Å"Join the festivities.† â€Å"What are we celebrating?† â€Å"I don’t know. Your escape tonight?† A few of the others held up plastic cups, cheering and toasting me. Xander Badica poured two more cups, handing them to Mason and me. I took mine with a smile, all the while feeling uneasy about the night’s turn of events. Not so long ago, I would have welcomed a party like this and would have downed my drink in thirty seconds. Too much bothered me this time, though. Like the fact that the royals were treating Lissa like a goddess. Like how none of them seemed to remember that I had been accused of being a blood whore. Like how Lissa was completely unhappy despite her smiles and laughter. â€Å"Where’d you get the whiskey?† I asked. â€Å"Mr. Nagy,† Aaron said. He sat very close to Lissa. Everyone knew Mr. Nagy drank all the time after school and kept a stash on campus. He continually used new hiding places – and students continually found them. Lissa leaned against Aaron’s shoulder. â€Å"Aaron helped me break into his room and take them. He had them hidden in the bottom of the paint closet.† The others laughed, and Aaron gazed at her with complete and utter worship. Amusingly, I realized she hadn’t had to use any compulsion on him. He was just that crazy for her. He always had been. â€Å"Why aren’t you drinking?† Mason asked me a little while later, speaking quietly into my ear. I glanced down at my cup, half surprised to see it full. â€Å"I don’t know. I guess I don’t think guardians should drink around their charges.† â€Å"She’s not your charge yet! You aren’t on duty. You won’t be for a long time. Since when did you get so responsible?† I didn’t really think I was all that responsible. But I was thinking about what Dimitri had said about balancing fun and obligation. It just seemed wrong to let myself go wild when Lissa was in such a vulnerable state lately. Wiggling out of my tight spot between her and Mason, I walked over and sat beside Natalie. â€Å"Hey Nat, you’re quiet tonight.† She held a cup as full as mine. â€Å"So are you.† I laughed softly. â€Å"I guess so.† She tilted her head, watching Mason and the royals like they were some sort of science experiment. They’d consumed a lot more whiskey since I’d arrived, and the silliness had shot up considerably. â€Å"Weird, huh? You used to be the center of attention. Now she is.† I blinked in surprise. I hadn’t considered it like that. â€Å"I guess so.† â€Å"Hey, Rose,† said Xander, nearly spilling his drink as he walked over to me. â€Å"What was it like?† â€Å"What was what like?† â€Å"Letting someone feed off you?† The others fell quiet, a sort of anticipation settling over them. â€Å"She didn’t do that,† said Lissa in a warning voice. â€Å"I told you.† â€Å"Yeah, yeah, I know nothing happened with Jesse and Ralf. But you guys did it, right? While you were gone?† â€Å"Let it go,† said Lissa. Compulsion worked best with direct eye contact, and his attention was focused on me, not her. â€Å"I mean, it’s cool and everything. You guys did what you had to do, right? It’s not like you’re a feeder. I just want to know what it was like. Danielle Szelsky let me bite her once. She said it didn’t feel like anything.† There was a collective â€Å"ew† from among the girls. Sex and blood with dhampirs was dirty; between Moroi, it was cannibalistic. â€Å"You are such a liar,† said Camille. â€Å"No, I’m serious. It was just a small bite. She didn’t get high like the feeders. Did you?† He put his free arm around my shoulder. â€Å"Did you like it?† Lissa’s face went still and pale. Alcohol muted the full force of her feelings, but I could read enough to know how she felt. Dark, scared thoughts trickled into me – underscored with anger. She usually had a good grip on her temper – unlike me – but I’d seen it flare up before. Once it had happened at a party very similar to this one, just a few weeks after Ms. Karp had been taken away. Greg Dashkov – a distant cousin of Natalie’s – had held the party in his room. His parents apparently knew someone who knew someone, because he had one of the biggest rooms in the dorm. He’d been friends with Lissa’s brother before the accident and had been more than happy to take Andre’s little sister into his social fold. Greg had also been happy to take me in, and the two of us had been all over each other that night. For a sophomore like me, being with a royal Moroi senior was a huge rush. I drank a lot that night but still managed to keep an eye on Lissa. She always wore an edge of anxiety around this many people, but no one really noticed, because she could interact with them so well. My heavy buzz kept a lot of her feelings from me, but as long as she looked okay, I didn’t worry. Mid-kiss, Greg suddenly broke away and looked at something over my shoulder. We both sat in the same chair, with me on his lap, and I craned my neck to see. â€Å"What is it?† He shook his head with a sort of amused exasperation. â€Å"Wade brought a feeder.† I followed his gaze to where Wade Voda stood with his arm around a frail girl about my age. She was human and pretty, with wavy blond hair and porcelain skin pale from so much blood loss. A few other guys had homed on her and stood with Wade, laughing and touching her face and hair. â€Å"She’s already fed too much today,† I said, observing her coloring and complete look of confusion. Greg slid his hand behind my neck and turned me back to him. â€Å"They won’t hurt her.† We kissed a while longer and then I felt a tap on my shoulder. â€Å"Rose.† I looked up into Lissa’s face. Her anxious expression startled me because I couldn’t feel the emotions behind it. Too much beer for me. I climbed off of Greg’s lap. â€Å"Where are you going?† he asked. â€Å"Be right back.† I pulled Lissa aside, suddenly wishing I was sober. â€Å"What’s wrong?† â€Å"Them.† She nodded toward the guys with the feeder girl. She still had a group around her, and when she shifted to look at one of them, I saw small red wounds scattered on her neck. They were doing a sort of group feeding, taking turns biting her and making gross suggestions. High and oblivious, she let them. â€Å"They can’t do that,† Lissa told me. â€Å"She’s a feeder. Nobody’s going to stop them.† Lissa looked up at me with pleading eyes. Hurt, outrage, and anger filled them. â€Å"Will you?† I’d always been the aggressive one, looking after her ever since we were little. Seeing her there now, so upset and looking at me to fix things, was more than I could stand. Giving her a shaky nod, I stumbled over to the group. â€Å"You so desperate to get some that you’ve got to drug girls now, Wade?† I asked. He glanced up from where he’d been running his lips over the human girl’s neck. â€Å"Why? Are you done with Greg and looking for more?† I put my hands on my hips and hoped I looked fierce. The truth was, I was actually starting to feel a little nauseous from all I’d drunk. â€Å"Aren’t enough drugs in the world to get me near you,† I told him. A few of his friends laughed. â€Å"But maybe you can go make out with that lamp over there. It seems to be out of it enough to make even you happy. You don’t need her anymore.† A few other people laughed. â€Å"This isn’t any of your business,† he hissed. â€Å"She’s just lunch.† Referring to feeders as meals was about the only thing worse than calling dhampirs blood whores. â€Å"This isn’t a feeding room. Nobody wants to see this.† â€Å"Yeah,† agreed a senior girl. â€Å"It’s gross.† A few of her friends agreed. Wade glared at all of us, me the hardest. â€Å"Fine. None of you have to see it. Come on.† He grabbed the feeder girl’s arm and jerked her away. Clumsily, she stumbled along with him out of the room, making soft whimpering noises. â€Å"Best I could do,† I told Lissa. She stared at me, shocked. â€Å"He’s just going to take her to his room. He’ll do even worse things to her.† â€Å"Liss, I don’t like it either, but it’s not like I can go chase him down or anything.† I rubbed my forehead. â€Å"I could go punch him or something, but I feel like I’m going to throw up as it is.† Her face grew dark, and she bit her lip. â€Å"He can’t do that.† â€Å"I’m sorry.† I returned to the chair with Greg, feeling a little bad about what had happened. I didn’t want to see the feeder get taken advantage of anymore than Lissa did – it reminded me too much of what a lot of Moroi guys thought they cold do to dhampir girls. But I also couldn’t win this battle, not tonight. Greg had shifted me around to get a better angle on my neck when I noticed Lissa was gone a few minutes later. Practically falling, I clambered off his lap and looked around. â€Å"Where’s Lissa?† He reached for me. â€Å"Probably the bathroom.† I couldn’t feel a thing through the bond. The alcohol had numbed it. Stepping out into the hallway, I breathed a sigh of relief at escaping the loud music and voices. It was quiet out here – except for a crashing sound a couple rooms down. The door was ajar, and I pushed my way inside. The feeder girl cowered in a corner, terrified. Lissa stood with arms crossed, her face angry and terrible. She was staring at Wade intently, and he stared back, enchanted. He also held a baseball bat, and it looked like he’d used it already, because the room was trashed: bookshelves, the stereo, the mirror†¦ â€Å"Break the window too,† Lissa told him smoothly. â€Å"Come on. It doesn’t matter.† Hypnotized, he walked over to the large, tinted window. I stared, my mouth nearly hitting the floor, as he pulled back and slammed the bat into the glass. It shattered, sending shards everywhere and letting in the early morning light it normally kept blocked out. He winced as it shone in his eyes, but he didn’t move away. â€Å"Lissa,† I exclaimed. â€Å"Stop it. Make him stop.† â€Å"He should have stopped earlier.† I barely recognized the look on her face. I’d never seen her so upset, and I’d certainly never seen her do anything like this. I knew what it was, of course. I knew right away. Compulsion. For all I knew, she was seconds away from having him turn the bat on himself. â€Å"Please, Lissa. Don’t do it anymore. Please.† Through the fuzzy, alcoholic buzz, I felt a trickle of her emotions. They were strong enough to practically knock me over. Black. Angry. Merciless. Startling feelings to be coming from sweet and steady Lissa. I’d known her since kindergarten, but in that moment, I barely knew her. And I was afraid. â€Å"Please, Lissa,† I repeated. â€Å"He’s not worth it. Let him go.† She didn’t look at me. Her stormy eyes were focused entirely on Wade. Slowly carefully, he lifted up the bat, tilting it so that it lined up with his own skull. â€Å"Liss,† I begged. Oh God. I was going to have to tackle her or something to make her stop. â€Å"Don’t do it.† â€Å"He should have stopped,† Lissa said evenly. The bat quit moving. It was now at exactly the right distance to gain momentum and strike. â€Å"He shouldn’t have done that to her. People can’t treat other people like that – even feeders.† â€Å"But you’re scaring her,† I said softly. â€Å"Look at her.† Nothing happened at first, then Lissa let her gaze flick toward the feeder. The human girl still sat huddled in a corner, arms wrapped around herself protectively. Her blue eyes were enormous, and light reflected off her wet, tear-streaked face. She gave a choked, terrified sob. Lissa’s face stayed impassive. Inside her, I could feel the battle she was waging for control. Some part of her didn’t want to hurt Wade, despite the blinding anger that otherwise filled her. Her face crumpled, and she squeezed her eyes shut. Her right hand reached out to her left wrist and clenched it, nails digging deep into the flesh. She flinched at the pain, but through the bond, I felt the shock of the pain distract her from Wade. She let go of the compulsion, and he dropped the bat, suddenly looking confused. I let go of the breath I’d been holding. In the hallway, footsteps sounded. I’d left the door open, and the crash had attracted attention. A couple of dorm staff members burst into the room, freezing when they saw the destruction in front of them. â€Å"What happened?† The rest of us looked at each other. Wade looked completely lost. He stared at the room, at the bat, and then at Lissa and me. â€Å"I don’t know†¦I can’t†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He turned his full attention to me and suddenly grew angry. â€Å"What the – it was you! You wouldn’t let the feeder thing go.† The dorm workers looked at me questioningly, and in a few seconds, I made up my mind. You have to protect her. The more she uses it, the worse it’ll get. Stop her, Rose. Stop her before they notice, before they notice and take her away too. Get her out of here. I could see Ms. Karp’s face in my mind, pleading frantically. I gave Wade a haughty look, knowing full well no one would question a confession I made or even suspect Lissa. â€Å"Yeah, well, if you’d let her go,† I told him, â€Å"I wouldn’t have had to do this.† Save her. Save her from herself. After that night, I never drank again. I refused to let my guard down around Lissa. And two days later, while I was supposed to be suspended for â€Å"destruction of property,† I took Lissa and broke out of the Academy. Back in Lissa’s room, with Xander’s arm around me and her angry and upset eyes on us, I didn’t know if she’d do anything drastic again. But the situation reminded me too much of that one from two years ago, and I knew I had to defuse it. â€Å"Just a little blood,† Xander was saying. â€Å"I won’t take much. I just want to see what dhampir tastes like. Nobody here cares.† â€Å"Xander,† growled Lissa, â€Å"leave her alone.† I slipped out from under his arm and smiled, looking for a funny retort rather than one that might start a fight. â€Å"Come on,† I teased. â€Å"I had to hit the last guy who asked me that, and you’re a hell of a lot prettier than Jesse. It’d be a waste.† â€Å"Pretty?† he asked. â€Å"I’m stunningly sexy but not pretty.† Carly laughed. â€Å"No, you’re pretty. Todd told me you buy some kind of French hair gel.† Xander, distracted as so many drunk people easily are, turned around to defend his honor, forgetting me. The tension disappeared, and he took the teasing about his hair with a good attitude. Across the room, Lissa met my eyes with relief. She smiled and gave me a small nod of thanks before she returned her attention to Aaron. How to cite Vampire Academy Chapter 15, Essay examples

W.R Grace Libby, Montana Asbestos Contamination

Introduction Libby is a small town situated in the Kootenai Forest. It is considered the worst asbestos contamination site in the United States of America. The contamination was caused by W.R Grace, which was a mining company that operated a vermiculite mine in the town from 1963 to 1990 (Peacock, 2008, p. 23). There were asbestos fibers in the vermiculite ore that was extracted in Libby.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on W.R Grace Libby, Montana Asbestos Contamination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The asbestos fibers were released into the air, thereby contaminating several buildings and public areas in the town. According to OSHA, asbestos is a hazardous substance that causes diseases such as lung cancer, lethal tumor, and mesothelioma among others (Peacock, 2008, p. 31). By 2000, the contamination had caused the deaths of at least 200 residents of the town. In addition, 375 people had been diagnosed with illnesses such as mesothelina. Overall, the contamination had caused at least 1,000 illnesses in the town. This paper will discuss the effects on the surrounding community from W.R Grace’s asbestos contamination, the response made by W.R Grace to mitigate the contamination, and the impact of the contamination on existing policy and enactment of new legislation. Effects on the Surrounding Community The vermiculite ore that was mined in Libby had asbestiform amphiboles, which consisted of toxic substances such as winchite, richterite, and tremolite. According to the USA’s geologists, at least 84% of these minerals were airborne (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). â€Å"At least 26% of the vermiculite ore consisted of asbestos† (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). The process of extracting minerals from the vermiculite ore led to the emission of toxic dusts. This is because 40% of the dust was asbestos. The toxic dusts settled on roofs, cars, vegetation, and play fields, the reby exposing the public to the risk of getting asbestos related-illnesses. The spread of asbestos in the town caused deadly illnesses and loss of hundreds of lives. The effect of the contamination was exacerbated by the fact that the mine had employed thousands of people in Libby and the nearby towns. The residents who worked at the mine were exposed to asbestos levels, which were as high as 182f/cc on a daily basis (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). The health effects of the contamination caught the public attention in 1999 when several residents of the town were diagnosed with asbestos related-illnesses. An investigation on the effect of the contamination by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2000 indicated that the deaths caused by malignant and non-malignant respiratory diseases had significantly increased in the town.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In par ticular, between 1979 and 1998, the number of deaths caused by malignant and non-malignant respiratory illnesses in Libby was 40% higher than in Montana and other parts of the United States of America (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). The number of deaths caused by asbestosis in Libby was 80% higher than in Montana and the USA. Similarly, lung cancer mortality in Libby was 1.4% higher than in other parts of the United States (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). Occupational exposure was the main cause of the increase in asbestos-related illnesses and deaths in Libby. Diseases such as asbestosis and mesothelioma were mainly found among the residents who worked at the mine. The contamination has since caused more than 200 deaths and at least 350 residents of the town are suffering from asbestos-related illnesses (Sullivan, 2007, pp. 579-585). Apart from the residents of Libby, the contamination also adversely affected thousands of tourists who visited the town. Libby has beautiful mountains, w hich attracted tourists from different parts of the world. The tourists were also infected by the asbestos-related illnesses since they inhaled the contaminated air in the town. In addition, most of the customers who bought W.R Grace’s products were infected by asbestos-related illnesses. Consequently, the effects of the contamination were felt in nearly all parts of the United States. Research indicates that the full impact of the contamination on the community is yet to be fully determined. This is because the symptoms associated with most of the asbestos-related illnesses can only be noticed after 20 to 40 years from the day of exposure to asbestos. In this regard, the government expects more infections and deaths to occur in Libby in the near future due to the contamination. Response made by the Company to Mitigate the Contamination Initially, W.R Grace refused to accept liability for the asbestos contamination in Libby. The cost of cleaning up the contamination was very high and the company was recording poor financial results at that time. Consequently, it was reluctant to take any corrective measures in order to rehabilitate the environment. Nonetheless, the EPA stepped in and began to clean up the contamination in 2000. This involved removing vermiculite from homes and business premises in Libby, as well as, covering the mine site. Moreover, the extent of the contamination on natural resources such as vegetation had to be conducted in order to identify the best course of action.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on W.R Grace Libby, Montana Asbestos Contamination specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the cleaning process required a lot of financial resources, the contamination was considered for funding by the Superfund in 2000. Furthermore, W.R Grace was ordered by a District Court in Montana to pay $250 million as a compensation for the damage (Department of Justice, 2003) . The EPA used the compensation to finance the process of cleaning up the contamination. In 2009, the EPA classified the contamination as a public health emergency, thereby receiving additional $130 million from the government to clean up the town and provide medical assistance to the residents (Schneider McCumber, 2011, p. 45). At least 1,460 premises were cleaned up in 2010 by removing 900,000 cubic yards that consisted of contaminated substances. The residents have also been trained on how to identify asbestos because the contamination might remain even after the completion of the cleanup process. The EPA has also cleaned up the plant that was used to process vermiculate ore, as well as, the public areas that were likely to be contaminated by asbestos. Apart from paying the cleaning costs, W.R Grace also paid $60 million to owners of properties in Libby (Department of Justice, 2003). This compensation was paid to customers who had used the company’s insulation products, w hich were contaminated with asbestos. W.R Grace also spent $2.75 million to establish a medical fund for the Libby community (Department of Justice, 2003). This fund was used to finance the treatment of residents who were diagnosed with various asbestos-related illnesses. The fund was expected to reduce the health effects of the contamination by enabling everyone to access medical services in time. The Impact on Existing Policy and Development of New Legislation Even though the health effects of the contamination became apparent in 1999, environmentalist had begun to notice the pollution caused by W.R Grace as early as 1970. In order to protect the environment and the community, existing pollution abatement policies had to be modified and new ones had to be enacted to facilitate regulation of the activities of W.R Grace in Libby. In 1973, the company was accused of causing air pollution through the smoke and dusts that it emitted due to its mining activities (Ross Nolan, 2003, pp. 447-470). At that time, the policies that controlled air pollution did not include asbestos as a pollutant. This led to the adoption of the Clean Air Act, which included asbestos regulations.Advertising Looking for term paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The new regulations required the government to demolish unsafe processing plants that emitted asbestos into the air. Additionally, owners of unsafe plants were required to renovate their mills in order to prevent asbestos contamination. W.R Grace responded to these regulations by installing new air pollution control equipment at its processing plant. In 1987, the company produced over 150,812 tones of vermiculate, thereby raising the chances of high asbestos contamination in the town. The amount of asbestos released into the air could not be controlled at this time because there were no emission standards. Consequently, the EPA obtained information about W.R Grace’s emissions and used it to advocate for the adoption of emission standards in Montana. This led to the amendment of Section 112 of the Clean Air Act by including the national emission standards for asbestos (Ross Nolan, 2003, pp. 447-470). In 1994, W.R Grace violated the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Ai r Pollutants (NESHAP) regulations. Environmentalists believed that the dusts produced by the company did not just pollute the air, but also water bodies. Thus, Montana adopted water quality standards in order to protect its water resources. Additionally, Montana adopted a comprehensive list of air pollutants in 1996 in order to minimize environmental degradation. Conducting human health risks assessments also became a requirement for acquiring emission permits. Thus, the cost of acquiring an emission permit was determined by the level of the health risks associated with the pollution. Conclusion The mining activities of W.R Grace led to the worst asbestos contamination in Libby Montana from 1963 to 1990 (Peacock, 2008, p. 21). The health effects of the contamination emerged from 1999, when several residents of the town were diagnosed with various asbestos-related diseases. The contamination caused at least 200 deaths and 1,000 illnesses in the town. W.R Grace was ordered by a Distri ct Court in Montana to pay $250 million to cater for the cleanup of the contamination. The EPA used these funds to cleanup residential and business premises in the town in order to reduce the health effects of the contamination. W.R Grace also provided funds for treating the residents who were diagnosed with asbestos-related illnesses. The contamination led to the adoption of water and air emission standards in Montana. This paper discussed the effects on the surrounding community from W.R Grace’s asbestos contamination, the response made by W.R Grace to mitigate the contamination, and the impact of the contamination on existing environmental policies. Based on the findings of this paper, hazardous air pollutants should be controlled in order to protect the lives of citizens and the environment. References Department of Justice. 2003. W.R Grace Liable for Libby, Montana Cleanup Costs. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/ Peacock, A. (2008). Libby, Montana: Asbestos and the Deadly Silence of an American Corporation. New York: Johnson Books, Boulder, Co. Ross, M., Nolan, P. (2003). History of Asbestos Discovery, Use and Asbestos Related Disaeses in Context with the Occurrence of Asbestos within Ophiolite Complexes. New York: Geological Society of America . Schneider, A., McCumber, D. (2011). An Air that Kills: How the Asbestos Poisoning of Libby, Montana Uncovered a National Scandal . New York: McGraw-Hill. Sullivan, A. (2007). Vermiculite, Respiratory Disease, and Asbestos Exposure in Libby, Montana: Update of a Cohort Mortality Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(4), 579-585. This term paper on W.R Grace Libby, Montana Asbestos Contamination was written and submitted by user Chace Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.